Political Communication Theory - A Strategies to win Elections and Influence People by Independent Candidates

Political Communication Theory - A Strategies to win Elections and Influence People by Independent Candidates

Peshal Kumar Puri

Balen from Kathmandu and Hark Sampang from Dharan were two of the new faces that emerged in the politics of the local-level election, which took place in Nepal in 2022. Both candidates were completely independent. They were able to win the election even though they had no political background, no large fans, and no large network. The so-called major political party gives very little in the way of a guarantee. A question always brought up there is whether they have utilized any strategies to win. Without a doubt, they used the political communication theory, whether they were aware of it or not, to achieve success and win the election. Political communication theory examines how political messages are created, transmitted, received, and interpreted. Political actors like politicians, governments, and interest groups use various communication strategies to influence public opinion, political decisions, and agenda support. This theory analyzes media, politics, and society's complex interactions using communication studies, political science, sociology, psychology, and media studies.

 Political parties and candidates in Nepal use Political Communication Theory in election campaigns. Parties reach voters across diverse regions and communities with large rallies, door-to-door campaigns, and informational pamphlets during election seasons. These efforts follow Political Communication Theory, which emphasizes strategic messaging to influence voter behavior and mobilize support. This shows the importance of targeted communication strategies in Nepal's dynamic political landscape, where voters' concerns and aspirations often determine campaign success. Nepali public opinion and political discourse depend on media engagement. Leaders and parties use press conferences, interviews, and televised debates to inform voters about their policies. Political actors frame issues and narratives and portray their image and leadership qualities according to Political Communication Theory. These media engagements aim to establish parties as credible and trustworthy while positioning candidates as capable leaders who can solve the country's problems.

If we see the example of India, Modi has a significant following, but his party was unable to secure victory in the Delhi election of the Kishor Strategy for the Kejriwal.  Prashant Kishor, a highly esteemed political consultant and strategist in India, provides a distinct viewpoint on political communication. Kishor's unorthodox approach to consuming information sets him apart, despite his influential role in shaping electoral outcomes. He avoids traditional media, seldom watches TV news, and abstains from reading newspapers. Kishor's deliberate utilization of technology, restricted solely to his mobile device, emphasizes his exclusive dedication. He highlights the significance of attentively considering citizens' concerns and being open to unexpected insights obtained through actively involving oneself with the electorate.

Furthermore, the election of Indonesia, The Roy Morgan Poll's recent surge in support for Prabowo Subianto in the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Election, shows how political communication theory affects elections. Prabowo's strategic choice of Gibran Rakabuming Raka, the son of popular incumbent President Joko Widodo, as his running mate has changed public perception and support, boosting his polling numbers. This shows how political messaging, candidate image management, and coalition building shape voter preferences and the electoral landscape. The poll also shows the complex relationship between political alliances, party strategies, and voter sentiment, demonstrating the complexity of electoral political communication dynamics.

Nepal relies more on online political communication in the digital age. Political parties and candidates engage voters, especially youth, through social media, official websites, and digital advertising. Parties use digital communication to rally support and influence public opinion with targeted messaging and interactive content. Nepal's political communication is shifting toward digital platforms as online engagement complements traditional campaigning to reach more people and encourage political participation. Nepalese grassroots political campaigning relies on interpersonal communication. Candidates and party workers meet with local voters to hear their concerns and address demographic-specific issues. This personalized approach emphasizes Political Communication Theory's emphasis on meaningful voter connections and understanding their diverse needs and preferences. Political actors interact with voters to build trust and influence election decisions.

New Strategies to adopt to win the election based on the Political Communication Theory

 

    As a new candidate in Nepal, you need a comprehensive political communication strategy to win. First, research the target audience's demographics, concerns, preferences, communication habits, and interests. With this knowledge, clear, concise, and persuasive messages are essential. These messages should resonate with the target audience and frame policies and positions favorably. Media selection and strategy must match target audience media consumption habits. This includes using TV, radio, newspapers, social media, websites, and email. A strong and appealing candidate image requires effective branding strategies. Consistent messaging, visual identity, and a compelling personal narrative can impress voters.

Successful campaigns require engagement and mobilization. Rallies, town halls, debates, and other events are used to build relationships and mobilize voters. Real-time engagement and grassroots mobilization on social media are crucial for reaching a wide audience and fostering meaningful interactions. Strategic alliances with political parties, interest groups, and community leaders can also increase support and reach across the electorate. Crisis management and response plans should also be created to handle negative publicity. This includes rapid response and message control to protect the candidate's image.

Data analysis and targeting can identify demographic groups and tailor outreach efforts. Maintaining voter credibility and trust requires ethical communication practices, such as transparency about campaign funding sources and accurate fact-checking. Finally, communication strategies must be evaluated and adjusted throughout the campaign. To maximize election chances, opinion polls, surveys, and feedback mechanisms are used to evaluate communication strategies and adapt them to changing circumstances.